[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":526},["ShallowReactive",2],{"papers_header":3,"papers_posts":15},{"id":4,"title":5,"authors":6,"badge":6,"body":6,"cta":6,"date":6,"description":7,"extension":8,"image":6,"links":6,"meta":9,"navigation":10,"path":11,"seo":12,"stem":13,"__hash__":14},"resources/resources/papers.yml","Research Papers",null,"Articles published by WindShape to learn more about the company, the industry, and the technology.","yml",{},true,"/resources/papers",{"title":5,"description":7},"resources/papers","yYSXmN42dNKguazKEZLWV3MZDGeMOzoH2nWcT5CckJk",[16,150,233,281,348,402,466],{"id":17,"title":18,"authors":19,"badge":60,"body":62,"cta":6,"date":141,"description":142,"extension":143,"image":144,"links":6,"meta":145,"navigation":10,"path":146,"seo":147,"stem":148,"__hash__":149},"resources/resources/papers/propeller-icing.md","Propeller Icing Test",[20,25,30,35,40,45,50,55],{"name":21,"to":22,"avatar":23},"Guillaume Catry","https://www.linkedin.com/in/guillaume-catry",{"src":24},"/img/people/guillaume-catry.webp",{"name":26,"to":27,"avatar":28},"Nicolas Bosson","https://www.linkedin.com/in/nicolas-bosson-52401b12b",{"src":29},"/img/people/nicolas-bosson.webp",{"name":31,"to":32,"avatar":33},"Sergio Marquez","https://www.linkedin.com/in/sergio-marquez1",{"src":34},"/img/people/sergio-marquez.webp",{"name":36,"to":37,"avatar":38},"Flavio Noca (PhD)","https://www.linkedin.com/in/flavio-noca",{"src":39},"/img/people/flavio-noca.webp",{"name":41,"to":42,"avatar":43},"Luca J. Bardazzi","https://www.linkedin.com/in/lucabardazzi",{"src":44},"/img/people/luca-j-bardazzi.webp",{"name":46,"to":47,"avatar":48},"Ozlem Ceyhan","https://www.linkedin.com/in/ozlemceyhan",{"src":49},"/img/people/ozlem-ceyhan.webp",{"name":51,"to":52,"avatar":53},"Pieter Jan Jordaens","https://www.linkedin.com/in/pieterjanjordaens",{"src":54},"/img/people/pieter-jan-jordaens.webp",{"name":56,"to":57,"avatar":58},"Daniele Brandolisio","https://www.linkedin.com/in/danielebrandolisio",{"src":59},"/img/people/daniele-brandolisio.webp",{"label":61},"Research Paper",{"type":63,"value":64,"toc":137},"minimark",[65,77,82,85,88,92,100,103,125,128],[66,67,68],"p",{},[69,70],"img",{"alt":71,"className":72,"src":74,"width":75,"height":76},"computer",[73],"rounded-lg","/img/propeller-icing.png",1000,350,[78,79,81],"h1",{"id":80},"abstract","Abstract",[66,83,84],{},"Among the list of harsh conditions, icing is certainly the most critical. The authors present an exploratory work to\ndevelop a method for characterizing the performances of propeller in laboratory icing conditions. This research was\nenabled by the use of a climatic chamber featuring an array of water nozzles that makes it possible to generate icing\ncondition, in combination with a windshaper – a new family of wind-generating facilities, which consists of an array of\na large number of fans (wind-pixels) that can be activated on demand to generate arbitrary winds of variable intensity\nand directions, such as uniform flows, gusts, or shear flows. Propellers were characterized with a test bench capable of\nmeasuring the thrust, motor torque, motor speed, electrical power and the weight of accreted ice.",[66,86,87],{},"Additionally, the room temperature, humidity and wind speed were also monitored separately. A visual analysis of the\naccretion of ice on the propeller that was made using short-duration flash lamps and a camera, allowed to correlate the\nperformance drop with proportion and morphology of the accreted ice on the propeller. The authors finally provide their\nobservations for a selection of test results.",[78,89,91],{"id":90},"presentation-of-the-test-setup","Presentation of the test setup",[66,93,94],{},[69,95],{"alt":96,"className":97,"src":98,"width":99},"propeller icing test setup",[73],"/img/icing_setup.jpg",400,[66,101,102],{},"The test setup includes :",[104,105,106,110,113,116,119,122],"ol",{},[107,108,109],"li",{},"Propeller, 3 blades, 9 inch in diameter, 5-inch pitch (HQProp MacroQuad 9x5x3)",[107,111,112],{},"Test stand for propulsion units – RCbenchmark 1585 by Tyto Robotics",[107,114,115],{},"1.5m x 0.75m windshaper that comprises 162 wind pixels arranged in an array of 6×3 modules",[107,117,118],{},"Water spray device – custom build by Sirris",[107,120,121],{},"Canon 5D Mk2, a full frame digital SLR camera, set at 6400 ISO, mounted with a 80mm f/1.8 lens set at maximum aperture",[107,123,124],{},"Short duration scientific strobe light (Visinst VIC 4×6 LED Array)",[66,126,127],{},"This is a joint research project between WindShape, Sirris, and HES-SO which was also supported by Tyto Robotics.",[66,129,130,131],{},"Link to the journal (AIAA Aviation Forum 2021)\n",[132,133,134],"a",{"href":134,"rel":135},"https://arc.aiaa.org/doi/abs/10.2514/6.2021-2677",[136],"nofollow",{"title":138,"searchDepth":139,"depth":139,"links":140},"",2,[],"2024-02-01","Performance Analysis of Rotorcraft Propulsion Units in a Combination of Wind and Icing Conditions","md",{"src":74},{},"/resources/papers/propeller-icing",{"title":18,"description":142},"resources/papers/propeller-icing","F2utMW0IBS_JCH_ki4cXOWeHSptDYlLltT9eYJRVs8s",{"id":151,"title":152,"authors":153,"badge":179,"body":180,"cta":6,"date":223,"description":224,"extension":143,"image":225,"links":6,"meta":228,"navigation":10,"path":229,"seo":230,"stem":231,"__hash__":232},"resources/resources/papers/windmaster-2024.md","Closed-Loop Control of Windshaper Fan Arrays",[154,159,164,168,173,175,177],{"name":155,"to":156,"avatar":157},"Aurélien Walpen","https://www.linkedin.com/in/aurelien-walpen/",{"src":158},"https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4E03AQHzfl4pDAcAtw/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/0/1673371140229?e=1744243200&v=beta&t=m_8tor3Pn1L_paNR_y3w3baagJbiedQvbteKXAphbZc",{"name":160,"to":161,"avatar":162},"Tony Govoni","https://www.linkedin.com/in/tony-govoni-314405228",{"src":163},"https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4E03AQESFe6Crfxgmg/profile-displayphoto-shrink_200_200/profile-displayphoto-shrink_200_200/0/1685710332307?e=1744243200&v=beta&t=wPOQ5TkNUcFM29yQpkk23GBSFdnVXQEkVRr2AULmt1Q",{"name":165,"to":166,"avatar":167},"Jonas Stirnemann","https://www.linkedin.com/in/jonas-stirnemann-52a734258",{"src":6},{"name":169,"to":170,"avatar":171},"Matei Ionescu","https://www.linkedin.com/in/matei-ionescu-2967061b7",{"src":172},"https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4E03AQHhff3GJZAwMg/profile-displayphoto-shrink_200_200/profile-displayphoto-shrink_200_200/0/1669986222238?e=1744243200&v=beta&t=wGvlKCkTlPk1qF7U-woEPNUb2KC4tMXUNcVnRm0yfGk",{"name":26,"to":27,"avatar":174},{"src":29},{"name":21,"to":22,"avatar":176},{"src":24},{"name":36,"to":37,"avatar":178},{"src":39},{"label":61},{"type":63,"value":181,"toc":219},[182,185,188,191,194,197,201,210],[183,184,81],"h2",{"id":80},[66,186,187],{},"Windshapers, also known as fan-array wind generators, offer a high degree of control over complex aerodynamic flows\nthanks to the independent control of their thousands of small fans. But the process of setting up, measuring, and\nvalidating these flow profiles for aerodynamic tests can be time-consuming and cumbersome. In this study, a novel and\nintuitive approach is presented, making this process less tedious.",[66,189,190],{},"An optically tracked 5-hole probe was developed to collect and process three-dimensional flow data in real-time. The\nflow data is used in a feedback loop to precisely control each and every fan of the Windshaper to generate the desired\nflow profile in the test area. A 3D graphical interface allows users to set-up the flow easily and visualize how the\ngenerated flow profile might deviate from the setpoint in every area of the test section.",[66,192,193],{},"The present study is divided in two parts. First, we evaluated the accuracy and frequency response of the probe’s flow\nmeasurement capabilities. Then, we tested the effectiveness of the flow control setup with a series of wind profiles.\nThe results obtained demonstrate that this approach can significantly reduce the time and effort required to generate\nand control complex flows for aerodynamic testing.",[66,195,196],{},"Specifically, our tests showed that the real-time flow control method allowed to generate the desired flow profile in\nthe test area with sufficient precision and with a short setup time. The 3D graphical interface provides an intuitive\nand easy-to-use platform for setting up the flow and visualizing any deviations from the setpoint. Finally, the probe’s\nperformance is up to industry standards and exceeds the requirements for precise flow control of a Windshaper.\nOverall, our results suggest that this novel method provides an innovative and effective solution for generating and\ncontrolling complex aerodynamic flows, with potential applications in a range of industries including aerospace,\nautomotive engineering, and wind energy.",[183,198,200],{"id":199},"full-article","Full Article",[66,202,203,204],{},"Link to the full article as PDF:\n",[132,205,209],{"download":206,"href":207,"target":208},"WindShape-WindMaster-Scitech-2021.pdf","/articles/2024-Scitech-windmaster.pdf","_blank","Download",[211,212,213,214],"div",{},"\n    ",[215,216],"embed",{"src":207,"width":217,"height":218},"100%","500px",{"title":138,"searchDepth":139,"depth":139,"links":220},[221,222],{"id":80,"depth":139,"text":81},{"id":199,"depth":139,"text":200},"2024-01-05","Automated control of complex aerodynamic flows generated by Windshaper fan arrays",{"src":226,"width":75,"height":227},"/img/papers-header/2024-Scitech-windmaster.png",500,{},"/resources/papers/windmaster-2024",{"title":152,"description":224},"resources/papers/windmaster-2024","tnlMeSXx3yENFwRvmBe9S6Xc1mK-QejOp7zVLyE_rXM",{"id":234,"title":235,"authors":236,"badge":243,"body":244,"cta":6,"date":272,"description":273,"extension":143,"image":274,"links":6,"meta":276,"navigation":10,"path":277,"seo":278,"stem":279,"__hash__":280},"resources/resources/papers/atmospheric-winds.md","Replicating Atmospheric Wind and Turbulence",[237,239,241],{"name":155,"to":156,"avatar":238},{"src":158},{"name":21,"to":22,"avatar":240},{"src":24},{"name":36,"to":37,"avatar":242},{"src":39},{"label":61},{"type":63,"value":245,"toc":268},[246,248,251,254,257,260,262],[183,247,81],{"id":80},[66,249,250],{},"Today, traditional drone testing techniques are of poor quality and do not reflect conditions that may be encountered in\nreal world applications. Drones are either flown outdoors in not well documented, uncontrolled and unpredictable weather\nconditions (and quite remote from the observer), or tightly strapped onto a support in a conventional wind tunnel with\nlaminar and uniform wind flows. Such wind flows have been devised for conventional aircraft and are inadequate\nrepresentations of atmospheric conditions relevant to drones.",[66,252,253],{},"In order to test drones in various and controllable atmospheric conditions, a real weather simulator was developed. The\nwind and weather facility (windshaper) consists of an array of a large number of fans that may be arranged in various\npatterns according to need. It subjects drones to winds of variable intensity and direction as well as various weather\nconditions (such as rain, snow, hail, fog etc.) that reflect real world situations. These tests can rate drones\naccording to their capacity in maintaining a proper flight attitude and tackling flight perturbations in an urban,\ncountryside, or high altitude environment.",[66,255,256],{},"In order to achieve these goals, a windshaper needs to replicate real environmental conditions. To do so, two key steps\nare to be undertaken: 1. document actual atmospheric turbulence at drone scales (in particular in an urban environment),\nand 2. develop a methodology to reproduce these flows in a windshaper.",[66,258,259],{},"Using a three-component hot-wire anemometer (HWA), a complete flow characterisation of a windshaper has been performed\nto evaluate the flow modulation capabilites of these new types of wind generating facilities. The HWA was then used to\ncollect a series of high-frequency outdoor measurements on a city rooftop. The measured outdoor velocity time history\nand its spectral content have then been replicated at actual scale in a windshaper by using an iterative algorithm in\nthe frequency domain.",[183,261,200],{"id":199},[66,263,203,264],{},[132,265,209],{"download":266,"href":267,"target":208},"WindShape-Free-Flight-GNSS-Scitech-2021.pdf","/articles/22023-AIAA-Scitech-Atmospheric-Wind.pdf",{"title":138,"searchDepth":139,"depth":139,"links":269},[270,271],{"id":80,"depth":139,"text":81},{"id":199,"depth":139,"text":200},"2023-01-05","Real-Scale Atmospheric Wind and Turbulence Replication using a Fan-Array for Environmental Testing and UAV/AAM Validation",{"src":275,"width":75,"height":227},"/img/papers-header/2023-AIAA-Scitech-Atmospheric-Wind.png",{},"/resources/papers/atmospheric-winds",{"title":235,"description":273},"resources/papers/atmospheric-winds","hmLx1AwmliXtIFPSNYoB1Px5wFEFfZrTpyDmpaCU3LI",{"id":282,"title":283,"authors":284,"badge":306,"body":307,"cta":6,"date":339,"description":340,"extension":143,"image":341,"links":6,"meta":343,"navigation":10,"path":344,"seo":345,"stem":346,"__hash__":347},"resources/resources/papers/aeroacoustics-2020.md","Drone Acoustics in a WindShaper",[285,287,292,295,298,302,304],{"name":36,"to":37,"avatar":286},{"src":39},{"name":288,"to":289,"avatar":290},"Roberto Putzu","https://www.linkedin.com/in/roberto-putzu-19441a2b3",{"src":291},"https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D03AQERVopWCWRGJA/profile-displayphoto-shrink_200_200/profile-displayphoto-shrink_200_200/0/1707229802244?e=1744243200&v=beta&t=A-CAA47bG7xD1zU7oevWvvv8rLbJDekpRZ4w-9RTaPo",{"name":293,"to":6,"avatar":294},"Romain Boulandet",{"src":6},{"name":296,"to":6,"avatar":297},"Benjamin Rutschmann",{"src":6},{"name":299,"to":300,"avatar":301},"Thierry Bujard","https://www.linkedin.com/in/thierry-bujard-9492a71b6",{"src":6},{"name":26,"to":27,"avatar":303},{"src":29},{"name":21,"to":22,"avatar":305},{"src":24},{"label":61},{"type":63,"value":308,"toc":335},[309,311,314,317,320,323,325,331],[183,310,81],{"id":80},[66,312,313],{},"In the near future, drone usage in inhabited areas is expected to grow exponentially. The inherent noise generated is\none of the concerns for this kind of vehicle.",[66,315,316],{},"Conventional aeroacoustic wind tunnels can be used to investigate uniformflow generated noise. Flyers are generally\nsolidly tethered to a sting in these wind tunnels. However, the interaction of complex environmental flows with the\ndrone fans is expected to generate different harmonic content, especially during unsteady maneuvers. Being able to probe\nthe aeroacoustic signature of a free-flying drone in a realistic urban and wind environment is a necessity, in\nparticular for future certification procedures.",[66,318,319],{},"We have developed a new family of wind tunnels, the “WindShaper” (Noca et al. 2019 Wind and Weather Facility for Testing\nFree-Flying Drones, AIAA Aviation Forum), able to generate complex unsteady flows reproducing environmental gusts and\nshear flows. The WindShaper consists of an array of a large number of fans (wind-pixels) that may be arranged in various\npatterns on demand. It is in some ways a digital wind facility that can be programmed to generate arbitrary winds of\nvariable intensity and direction. Various weather conditions (such as rain, snow, hail, fog etc.) that reflect real\nworld situations can be introduced. Drones are in a free-flight configuration (untethered) as in their natural state.\nThese tests can rate drones according to their capacity in maintaining a proper flight attitude and tackling flight\nperturbations, especially in an urban environment.",[66,321,322],{},"A WindShaper was modified in order to allow aeroacoustic measurements around a free-flying drone in a turbulent flow.\nParticular attention was given to a design that allows the drone aeroacoustic signature to be segregated from the\naeroacoustic signature of the multi-fan facility. Details on the results achieved in this new infrastructure will be\npresented and discussed.",[183,324,200],{"id":199},[66,326,203,327],{},[132,328,209],{"download":329,"href":330,"target":208},"\nWindShape-Aeroacoustics-Quietdrones-2020.pdf","/articles/2020-Quietdrones-aeroacoustics.pdf",[211,332,213,333],{},[215,334],{"src":330,"width":217,"height":218},{"title":138,"searchDepth":139,"depth":139,"links":336},[337,338],{"id":80,"depth":139,"text":81},{"id":199,"depth":139,"text":200},"2021-07-28","Aeroacoustic measurements on a free-flying drone in a WindShaper wind tunnel",{"src":342,"width":75,"height":227},"/img/papers-header/2020-Quietdrones-aeroacoustics.png",{},"/resources/papers/aeroacoustics-2020",{"title":283,"description":340},"resources/papers/aeroacoustics-2020","F4KlIffS9QixbYv8f1DLWge49_tHKvCG0Gl2AF-LLP0",{"id":349,"title":350,"authors":351,"badge":364,"body":365,"cta":6,"date":339,"description":394,"extension":143,"image":395,"links":6,"meta":397,"navigation":10,"path":398,"seo":399,"stem":400,"__hash__":401},"resources/resources/papers/flow-profiling-2021.md","Flow Profiling in a WindShaper",[352,354,356,360,362],{"name":36,"to":37,"avatar":353},{"src":39},{"name":299,"to":300,"avatar":355},{"src":6},{"name":357,"to":358,"avatar":359},"Geshanth Visvaratnam","https://www.linkedin.com/in/geshanth-visvaratnam-b95368147",{"src":6},{"name":26,"to":27,"avatar":361},{"src":29},{"name":21,"to":22,"avatar":363},{"src":24},{"label":61},{"type":63,"value":366,"toc":390},[367,369,372,375,378,380,386],[183,368,81],{"id":80},[66,370,371],{},"Drones will soon fill our aerial ecosystem in the field of imaging/cartography, parcel delivery, and passenger\ntransport, and will need to operate around the clock in arbitrary atmospheric conditions, especially in adverse weather\nconditions during emergency situations. Drones are much smaller than conventional aircraft and are thus more sensitive\nto weather conditions.",[66,373,374],{},"In order to test drones in various and controllable atmospheric conditions, a real weather\nsimulator was developed. The wind and weather facility (windshaper) consists of an array of a large number of fans that\nmay be arranged in various patterns on demand. It subjects drones to winds of variable intensity and direction as well\nas various weather conditions (such as rain, snow, hail, fog etc.) that reflect real world situations.",[66,376,377],{},"These tests can rate drones according to their capacity in maintaining a proper flight attitude and tackling flight\nperturbations in an urban, countryside, or high altitude environment. For this work, various time-independent flow morphologies are\ngenerated with a windshaper and measurements are performed at a certain distance in order to see whether the output at\nthe measurement station matches the input at the surface plane of the windshaper.",[183,379,200],{"id":199},[66,381,203,382],{},[132,383,209],{"download":384,"href":385,"target":208},"WindShape-Flow-Profiling-Scitech-2021.pdf","/articles/2021-AIAA-Scitech-flow-profiling.pdf",[211,387,213,388],{},[215,389],{"src":385,"width":217,"height":218},{"title":138,"searchDepth":139,"depth":139,"links":391},[392,393],{"id":80,"depth":139,"text":81},{"id":199,"depth":139,"text":200},"Flow Profiling in a WindShaper for Testing Free-Flying Drones in Adverse Winds",{"src":396,"width":75,"height":227},"/img/papers-header/2021-AIAA-Scitech-flow-profiling.png",{},"/resources/papers/flow-profiling-2021",{"title":350,"description":394},"resources/papers/flow-profiling-2021","VkatsTILDnXi8u52-CLgd1Fld-mZ8H9LD0zBjwFHTWA",{"id":403,"title":404,"authors":405,"badge":425,"body":426,"cta":6,"date":457,"description":458,"extension":143,"image":459,"links":6,"meta":461,"navigation":10,"path":462,"seo":463,"stem":464,"__hash__":465},"resources/resources/papers/gnss.md","GNSS Simulator to Achieve Immersive Drone Testing",[406,408,410,411,413,415,417,419,421,423],{"name":21,"to":22,"avatar":407},{"src":24},{"name":26,"to":27,"avatar":409},{"src":29},{"name":299},{"name":412},"Andy Thurling",{"name":414},"Aleksandar Dzodic",{"name":416},"Peter Le Porin",{"name":418},"Ningshan Wang",{"name":420},"Amit K Sanyal",{"name":422},"Mark Glauser",{"name":36,"to":37,"avatar":424},{"src":39},{"label":61},{"type":63,"value":427,"toc":453},[428,430,433,436,439,442,444,449],[183,429,81],{"id":80},[66,431,432],{},"Today, traditional drone testing techniques are of poor quality. Drones are either tested outdoors quite remote from the\noWeather, winds, thermals, and turbulence pose an ever-present challenge to small Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS). These\nchallenges become magnified in rough terrain and especially within urban canyons. As the industry moves to Beyond\nVisual Line of Sight (BVLOS) operations, resilience to weather perturbations will be key. As the human decision-maker is\nremoved both from the in-situ environment and from one-to-one responsibility for the safety of the air vehicles under\nhis or her control, better weather detection and prediction at increasingly small scales becomes vital to preserving the\nsafety of the National Airspace System (NAS).",[66,434,435],{},"In order to provide decision-quality weather information to the UAS pilot or operator, two critical pieces of the puzzle\nare required. First, better detection and prediction capabilities at a much smaller scale are required. However,\nprediciton cannot account for local, dynamic perturbations. The pilot or operator need to understand the effects of\nweather on the specific UAS for which they are responsible. This area of knowledge – the effect of the disturbance on a\nUAS and its ability to reject this disturbance - presents some unique concerns, especially for commercial UAS which tend\nto be designed with Commercial Off the Shelf (COTS) components, and have rapid development, deployment, and disposal\ncycles.",[66,437,438],{},"Second, understanding the influence weather has on small UAS is imperative as we start to define the performance\nrequirements for the Unmanned Traffic Management (UTM) system. Indeed, the UTM concept is based on the idea that users\nof the system will share their intent amongst themselves and thus achieve a type of strategic deconfliction. As the size\nof the operational volumes reserved shrinks, the flight plan looks more and more like a four-dimensional trajectory (\n4DT) operation. Multiple vehicle 4DT requires a sufficiently \"tight\" – or at least quantified – performance from the UAS\nto guarantee safety. In fact, the current standard for UTM requires that the UAS shared intend or “flight plan” include\nenough buffer to contain the UAS 95% of the time.",[66,440,441],{},"This paper presents the work done to date in developing a repeatable technique for quanti- fying the response to\ndisturbances and the associated ability to maintain course and timeline (i.e. 4DT “flight plan”) of a commercially\nrelevant, operationally representative UAS.",[183,443,200],{"id":199},[66,445,203,446],{},[132,447,209],{"download":266,"href":448,"target":208},"/articles/2021-AIAA-Scitech-GNSS.pdf",[211,450,213,451],{},[215,452],{"src":448,"width":217,"height":218},{"title":138,"searchDepth":139,"depth":139,"links":454},[455,456],{"id":80,"depth":139,"text":81},{"id":199,"depth":139,"text":200},"2021-01-05","Drones will soon fill our aerial ecosystem in the field of imaging/cartography, parcel delivery, and passenger transport, and will need to operate around the clock in arbitrary atmospheric conditions, especially in adverse weather conditions during emergency situations.  Drones are much smaller than conventional aircraft and are thus more sensitive to weather conditions.",{"src":460,"width":75,"height":227},"/img/papers-header/2021-AIAA-Scitech-GNSS.png",{},"/resources/papers/gnss",{"title":404,"description":458},"resources/papers/gnss","1U1fBRwQx-aIoR2-d_dEtz_KSJWADA1eZ-SHkn5bDbw",{"id":467,"title":468,"authors":469,"badge":484,"body":485,"cta":6,"date":518,"description":519,"extension":143,"image":520,"links":6,"meta":521,"navigation":10,"path":522,"seo":523,"stem":524,"__hash__":525},"resources/resources/papers/wind-and-weather-facility.md","Testing Drones in Free-Flight",[470,472,474,476,478,480],{"name":21,"to":22,"avatar":471},{"src":24},{"name":26,"to":27,"avatar":473},{"src":29},{"name":31,"to":32,"avatar":475},{"src":34},{"name":36,"to":37,"avatar":477},{"src":39},{"name":41,"to":42,"avatar":479},{"src":44},{"name":481,"to":6,"avatar":482},"Alberic Gros",{"src":483},"/img/people/alberic-gros.webp",{"label":61},{"type":63,"value":486,"toc":514},[487,495,498,500,503,506,508],[66,488,489],{},[69,490],{"alt":491,"className":492,"height":493,"src":494,"width":75},"drone-flying-at-caltech-cast",[73],600,"/img/caltech-drone-flying.png",[66,496,497],{},"Drones will soon fill our aerial ecosystem in the field of imaging/cartography, parcel delivery, and\npassenger transport, and will need to operate around the clock in arbitrary atmospheric conditions, especially in\nadverse weather conditions during emergency situations.  Drones are much smaller than conventional aircraft and are\nthus more sensitive to weather conditions.",[183,499,81],{"id":80},[66,501,502],{},"Today, traditional drone testing techniques are of poor quality. Drones are either tested outdoors quite remote from the\nobserver, in not well documented, uncontrolled and unpredictable weather conditions, or tightly strapped onto a support\nin a conventional wind tunnel with laminar and uniform wind flows, which are inadequate representations of atmospheric\nconditions relevant to drones. Existing tests, thus, entail a high risk of reaching false conclusions about drone\nperformance. In order to resolve the issues associated with traditional wind tunnels or outdoor testing protocols, a\nreal weather simulator for testing flying vehicles in various and controllable atmospheric conditions was developed. The\nwind and weather facility consists of an array of a large number of fans that may be arranged in various patterns on\ndemand.",[66,504,505],{},"It subjects drones to winds of variable intensity and direction as well as various weather conditions (such as rain,\nsnow, hail, fog etc.) that reflect real world situations. These tests can rate drones according to their capacity in\nmaintaining a proper flight attitude and tackling flight perturbations in an urban, countryside, or high altitude\nenvironment.",[183,507,200],{"id":199},[66,509,203,510],{},[132,511,209],{"download":512,"href":513,"target":208},"Wind-and-Weather-Facility-for-Testing-Free-Flying-Drones.pdf","/articles/Wind-and-Weather-Facility-for-Testing-Free-Flying-Drones.pdf",{"title":138,"searchDepth":139,"depth":139,"links":515},[516,517],{"id":80,"depth":139,"text":81},{"id":199,"depth":139,"text":200},"2019-06-01","Wind and weather facility for testing free-flying drones",{"src":494},{},"/resources/papers/wind-and-weather-facility",{"title":468,"description":519},"resources/papers/wind-and-weather-facility","1cQxvB2DpHJG4lpWG38bcLpWhDWFAXyo-xj6fpiauso",1774344909558]